Table of Contents
The Phone Call That Changed Our Dinner Table
The phone call came on a Tuesday afternoon.
It was my mom, her voice tight with a familiar blend of worry and resolve.
My father, a man who had always seemed indestructible, had been rushed to the doctor after a dizzy spell.
The diagnosis was a gut punch: severe hypertension.
His blood pressure was dangerously high.
The doctor’s orders were immediate, stark, and non-negotiable: he had to drastically reduce his sodium intake.
The target was less than 1,500 milligrams a day, a number that felt abstract and impossibly small.1
I took on the mission with the best of intentions.
As the family cook, I felt it was my duty to help him.
My initial attempts were, to put it mildly, a disaster.
I stripped our kitchen of salt.
Dinners became a joyless parade of unseasoned, boiled chicken breasts, steamed fish, and plain vegetables.
The food was bland, medicinal, and demoralizing.
My father, a man who had always found immense pleasure in a good meal, would push his food around the plate, his face a mask of disappointment.
I felt like a complete failure, not just as a cook, but as a son trying to care for his dad.
Convinced there had to be a better way, I turned to what I thought were the obvious solutions: the “healthy” alternatives in the grocery store.
I filled our cart with pre-packaged “low-sodium” deli turkey, “reduced-sodium” cured ham for his lunches, and canned soups that proudly proclaimed their healthier status.
It felt like a breakthrough.
We were following the rules, and the food had some semblance of its former flavor.
A month later, we went for his follow-up appointment, full of hope.
The doctor’s words deflated us instantly.
His blood pressure had barely budged.
My carefully curated diet of “healthy” processed meats had been a complete and utter failure.
It was a heartbreaking moment that forced me to question everything.
I realized I wasn’t just fighting the salt shaker on our table; I was fighting a hidden, far more formidable enemy—an enemy cleverly disguised on the shelves of my local supermarket.
That failure set me on a path of investigation, a journey to understand the truth about sodium and to reclaim the joy of food for my family.
Part 1: The Hidden Enemy: Unmasking the True Scale of the Sodium Problem
My first step was to understand the stakes.
I dove into medical journals and public health reports, and what I found was terrifying.
This wasn’t just about my father’s blood pressure; it was about a global health crisis playing out in kitchens everywhere.
The Global Health Crisis in Your Kitchen
Excess sodium is a primary and well-established driver of high blood pressure, a condition that dramatically increases the risk of the world’s biggest killers: heart disease and stroke.3
The World Health Organization estimates that a staggering 1.89 million deaths each year are directly associated with consuming too much sodium.3
In the United States, the statistics are just as grim, with projections showing that about 90% of adults are expected to develop high blood pressure over their lifetimes.6
The mechanism is deceptively simple.
As the American Heart Association explains, sodium acts like a magnet for water.
When you consume excess sodium, it pulls water into your bloodstream.
This increases the total volume of blood flowing through your vessels, much like turning up the water supply to a garden hose.6
The pressure inside skyrockets.
Over time, this constant, elevated pressure, or hypertension, forces the heart to work harder with every beat.
It can injure and overstretch the walls of your blood vessels, leading to the buildup of plaque that can block blood flow.
This relentless strain can cause catastrophic damage to vital organs, including the heart, kidneys, brain, and eyes, leading to heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and blindness.1
The 70% Problem: Why Your Salt Shaker Isn’t the Villain
Armed with this frightening knowledge, my first instinct had been to banish the salt shaker.
It seemed logical.
But it was also profoundly wrong.
The single most important fact I discovered, the one that explained the failure of my initial efforts, was this: more than 70% of the sodium Americans consume comes not from the salt added during cooking or at the table, but from processed and restaurant foods.1
This changed my entire perspective.
The problem wasn’t a simple lack of individual willpower; it was a systemic issue woven into the very fabric of the modern food supply.
If the vast majority of sodium is added to our food before it ever reaches our kitchens, then simply “not adding salt” is an utterly insufficient strategy.
It explained why my father’s blood pressure hadn’t improved despite our best efforts.
We were fighting the wrong battle.
The real war on sodium isn’t won or lost at the dinner table; it’s won in the grocery store aisle.
Success depends entirely on understanding what is inside the package before you put it in your cart.
The Sodium Chasm: A Tale of Two Meats
This realization led me directly to the culprit behind our failed experiment: the processed meats I had so hopefully purchased.
I started comparing the sodium content of fresh, unprocessed meats to their processed counterparts, and the numbers were shocking.
It wasn’t just a difference; it was a chasm.
A 3-ounce serving of fresh, roasted pork loin contains a modest 40 to 70 mg of sodium.10
In stark contrast, a 3-ounce serving of cured ham can contain an astronomical 900 to 1,128 mg of sodium.10
The story repeated itself across the board.
A fresh, broiled ground beef patty has around 64 mg of sodium, while a single beef frankfurter packs 513 mg.10
A half-breast of fresh roasted chicken contains about 64 mg of sodium; just 5 ounces of canned chicken can have over 700 mg.10
The processing—the curing, brining, and preserving—was the source of this extreme sodium load, not the meat itself.
The “healthy” deli meat and cured ham I had been feeding my father were sodium bombs, single-handedly sabotaging our efforts.
To make this crystal clear, I created a chart that I taped to our refrigerator, a constant reminder of the invisible enemy.
| Table 1: The Sodium Chasm – Fresh vs. Processed Meats |
| Meat Type & Form |
| Fresh Pork Loin, Roasted |
| Cured Ham, Roasted |
| Fresh Ground Beef, Broiled |
| Beef Frankfurter |
| Fresh Chicken Breast, Roasted |
| Deli Chicken Roll, Light Meat |
| Fresh Top Sirloin Steak, Broiled |
| Canned Corned Beef |
Data sourced from.10
This simple table was a revelation.
It provided the visual evidence we needed to make an immediate, impactful change: from that day forward, we would prioritize fresh, unprocessed cuts of meat.
But this discovery opened up a new, more confusing question: if these products were so high in sodium, how could they be marketed as “healthy” or “reduced sodium”? I had to venture deeper into the labyrinth of food labeling.
Part 2: The Labeling Labyrinth: Why “Reduced Sodium” Can Be a Trap
My investigation into processed meats led me to the confusing world of front-of-package claims.
I had been duped by comforting words like “reduced sodium,” and I needed to understand why.
It turns out that navigating the grocery store is like walking through a minefield of legally-sanctioned, yet potentially misleading, marketing terms.
Decoding the FDA’s Code
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has very specific legal definitions for sodium-related claims on food packaging.
These terms are not interchangeable, and understanding the difference is critical for anyone on a low-sodium diet.11
- Sodium Free: The food contains less than 5 milligrams of sodium per serving.
- Very Low Sodium: The food contains 35 milligrams or less per serving.
- Low Sodium: The food contains 140 milligrams or less per serving.
- Reduced Sodium (or Less Sodium): The food has been processed to contain at least 25% less sodium than the regular version of that same food.
- Light in Sodium: The sodium content has been reduced by at least 50% compared to the regular version.
At first glance, this seems straightforward.
But the devil is in the details, specifically in the definition of “Reduced Sodium.”
The “Reduced Sodium” Fallacy
This was the core of the trap I had fallen into.
The crucial distinction is that claims like “Low Sodium” are absolute, tied to a specific milligram amount (140 mg).
In contrast, “Reduced Sodium” is relative, calculated against a “reference food”.11
Here’s how it works in practice: Let’s say a traditional canned soup is a sodium monstrosity, containing 1,000 mg per serving.
A “Reduced Sodium” version of that soup only needs to have 25% less sodium.
That means it can still legally contain 750 mg of sodium per serving and wear a “health halo” on its label.
While mathematically accurate, this is nutritionally deceptive for someone on a strict low-sodium diet.
A single serving of that “healthier” soup could account for half of their entire daily allowance.
This is precisely what happened with the processed meats I bought.
A regular cured ham might have 1,200 mg of sodium per serving.
A “reduced sodium” version with 25% less still packs a whopping 900 mg.
This realization was infuriating but also empowering.
It taught me the single most important rule of low-sodium shopping: ignore the marketing claims on the front of the box and go straight to the Nutrition Facts panel on the back. There, you must look for two things: the actual sodium amount in milligrams and the Percent Daily Value (%DV).
According to the FDA, 5% DV or less of sodium per serving is considered low, while 20% DV or more is considered high.13
The Future of Food Labels
The good news is that regulatory bodies are aware of this confusion.
The FDA has proposed new rules that would require a mandatory Front-of-Package (FOP) labeling system.
This system would use simple, interpretive labels like “Low,” “Med,” and “High” for nutrients like sodium, saturated fat, and added sugars, making the information more accessible to consumers, especially those with lower nutrition knowledge.14
Furthermore, the FDA’s new definition for the “Healthy” claim on food labels now includes specific limits on sodium, reinforcing the systemic shift toward sodium awareness.16
But until these changes are fully implemented, we must be our own detectives.
To help, I created a second chart—a “Rosetta Stone” for translating the marketing claims into actionable health information.
| Table 2: Decoding FDA Sodium Claims: Marketing vs. Reality |
| The Claim on the Box |
| Sodium Free |
| Very Low Sodium |
| Low Sodium |
| Reduced Sodium |
| Light in Sodium |
| No Salt Added / Unsalted |
Data sourced from.11
With this new understanding, I felt equipped to navigate the grocery store.
But I still faced the original problem: how to make food taste good without salt.
The answer came not from a nutrition label, but from a complete shift in how I thought about flavor itself.
Part 3: The Flavor Epiphany: Flavor is an Orchestra, Not a Drum Solo
After all the frustration, my breakthrough came from an unexpected place.
I was stuck in a binary way of thinking: flavor was salt.
If I took away the salt, the music stopped.
My cooking was a drum solo, and without the drum, there was only silence.
The epiphany was realizing that flavor is an orchestra.
Salt is just the percussion section—it’s loud, it’s obvious, and it’s very easy to overuse, drowning everything else O.T. But a true symphony of taste, a deep and resonant culinary experience, comes from learning how to conduct the entire orchestra.
I began to see the different components of flavor as distinct sections, each with its own voice and role:
- The String Section: These are the bright, high notes of Acidity. The sharp, clean taste of lemons, limes, and vinegars that make flavors “pop” and dance on the tongue.
- The Woodwind Section: These are the complex, aromatic melodies of Herbs & Spices. The earthy notes of thyme, the pine of rosemary, the warmth of cumin, and the sweet perfume of basil that weave intricate layers of character into a dish.
- The Brass Section: These are the deep, resonant, foundational notes of Umami and Browning. The savory, meaty satisfaction from mushrooms and roasted tomatoes, and the hundreds of complex flavor compounds created when you put a perfect, dark brown sear on a piece of meat.
This simple analogy changed everything.
It reframed the entire challenge.
My mission was no longer about deprivation—what I had to remove from our meals.
It was about creativity and addition—what new, beautiful flavors I could introduce.
It was a profound mindset shift that moved me from a place of fear and limitation to one of culinary curiosity and empowerment.
I wasn’t just a cook following a restrictive diet; I was becoming a conductor, learning to bring forth a symphony of flavor from my ingredients.
Part 4: The Conductor’s Playbook: Your System for Flavorful Low-Sodium Meats
Armed with my new orchestral approach to flavor, I developed a practical system.
It wasn’t about a single magic recipe, but a set of principles that could be applied to any piece of meat to create a delicious, satisfying, and truly low-sodium meal.
Sourcing Your Instruments: The Foundation of Flavor
Every great performance begins with quality instruments.
In the low-sodium kitchen, this means starting with fresh, unprocessed meats.1
As my “Sodium Chasm” chart proved, this single choice eliminates the biggest source of sodium from the start.
However, there’s a critical hidden trap even here.
The FDA allows producers to inject fresh poultry and pork with a “solution” to enhance flavor and moisture.
This solution is often little more than salt water.
It is absolutely essential to read the fine print on the packaging of even “fresh” chicken and pork to see if it says “contains up to X% of a solution” or if salt water or saline has been added.13
Choosing meat with no added solutions is the first and most important step.
Tuning the Orchestra: The Principles of Flavor in Practice
Once you have your fresh, high-quality meat, it’s time to conduct the orchestra.
The String Section – The Brightness of Acidity
- Principle: Acids, such as the juice from citrus fruits (lemons, limes, oranges) and various vinegars (balsamic, red wine, apple cider), play a key role in healthy cooking. They brighten and sharpen other flavors, creating a “pop” that our brains often associate with saltiness.17 An acid can cut through richness and prevent a dish from tasting flat or heavy.
- Application: This is often the finishing touch. A squeeze of fresh lemon juice over a piece of grilled fish just before serving can transform it. A splash of red wine vinegar can be whisked with olive oil and herbs to create a powerful marinade for beef or lamb. A simple sauce made with no-salt-added canned tomatoes provides a natural acidic lift to chicken or pork dishes.18
The Woodwind Section – The Aromatic Power of Herbs & Spices
- Principle: This is where you build complexity and character. Herbs and spices provide a vast palette of aromatic layers that engage the senses and distract the palate from the absence of salt. From the pungent power of garlic and onion powder to the earthy depth of cumin and the fresh zing of dill, this section is about creating a rich tapestry of flavor.19
- Application: The timing of when you add herbs is crucial. Dried herbs are more potent and release their flavor slowly, so they should be added early in the cooking process, like in a marinade or a stew.20 Delicate fresh herbs like parsley, cilantro, and basil have volatile oils that are destroyed by heat; they should be added at the very end of cooking or used as a fresh garnish to preserve their vibrant flavor.17 Learning to pair these flavors is key: rosemary and garlic are classic with chicken and lamb, dill is a natural partner for fish, and sage and thyme work beautifully with pork.22
The Brass Section – The Deep Resonance of Umami & Browning
- Principle: This is arguably the most powerful section for replacing the deep, savory satisfaction that salt provides. It has two main components. First is umami, often called the “fifth taste.” It is a rich, meaty, savory flavor that comes from glutamates, which are amino acids found naturally in many foods.25 Second is
browning, specifically the Maillard reaction, a chemical process that occurs when proteins and sugars in meat are exposed to high heat. This reaction creates hundreds of new, intensely flavorful compounds that are the foundation of taste in cooked meats. - Application (Umami): You can build a deep umami base using low-sodium ingredients. Mushrooms, especially dried varieties like shiitake or porcini, are packed with umami.25 Sautéing mushrooms and onions until they are deeply browned creates a savory foundation for any stew or sauce. Roasting tomatoes concentrates their natural glutamates.28 Other powerful tools include nutritional yeast (often called “nooch”), which has a cheesy, nutty flavor, and even some low-sodium versions of soy sauce or fish sauce.26
- Application (Browning): This technique is non-negotiable for flavorful meat. To achieve a perfect sear, you need a hot pan, a dry surface on the meat, and enough space so you don’t steam it. Don’t be afraid to let the meat sit undisturbed until a deep, dark brown crust forms. Those browned bits left in the pan, called the fond, are pure flavor. You can dissolve them by adding a splash of liquid (like wine, vinegar, or unsalted broth) and scraping them up, creating an instant, intensely flavorful pan sauce.
To make this system easy to use, I created a final chart: a quick-reference guide for conducting your own flavor orchestra.
| Table 3: The Flavor Orchestra – A Quick-Reference Pairing Guide |
| Meat Type |
| Beef |
| Pork |
| Poultry |
| Fish |
Data synthesized from.17
Part 5: The Repertoire: Your Library of Low-Sodium Masterpieces
With my playbook in hand, it was time to perform.
The theory was sound, but the proof would be on the plate.
My first true success story, the moment I knew this system worked, was a Sunday roasted pork loin for my father.
I started with a beautiful, fresh pork loin, carefully checking the label to ensure no salt solution was added.
I made a dry rub—my “Woodwind” section—of smoked paprika, garlic powder, onion powder, and dried thyme.
I got a cast iron skillet screaming hot and gave the pork a hard sear on all sides, building that deep brown crust—the “Brass” section.
I then placed it in the oven to finish roasting.
While it rested, I deglazed the pan with a splash of apple cider vinegar (the “Strings”) and some unsalted chicken broth, scraping up all the precious fond to create a rich, savory pan sauce.
The result was a revelation.
The pork was juicy, tender, and bursting with flavor—smoky, aromatic, and deeply savory.
My father took a bite, then another, and then he looked up at me and smiled.
A real, genuine smile of enjoyment.
In that moment, I knew we had turned a corner.
We had proven that low-sodium food could be, and should be, absolutely delicious.
DIY Salt-Free Seasoning Blends
A huge part of this success is having a pantry stocked with your own flavor tools.
Pre-made seasoning blends are convenient, but they are often loaded with salt.
Making your own is cheaper, healthier, and gives you complete control.
Here are a few versatile blends based on my research that should be in every low-sodium kitchen:
- All-Purpose Savory Blend: Perfect for chicken, potatoes, or vegetables.
- Mix: 2 tablespoons onion powder, 2 tablespoons garlic powder, 1 tablespoon paprika, 1 ½ teaspoons dried thyme, ¼ teaspoon black pepper.29
- Italian-Inspired Herb Blend: Great for pasta sauces, fish, or rubbing on chicken.
- Mix: 2 tablespoons dried basil, 2 tablespoons dried oregano, 1 tablespoon garlic powder.21
- Smoky BBQ Rub: Fantastic for pork, beef, or chicken before grilling or roasting.
- Mix: 2 tablespoons smoked paprika, 1 tablespoon cumin powder, 1 tablespoon garlic powder, 1 tablespoon onion powder, 1 teaspoon chili powder, ½ teaspoon cayenne pepper.31
The Universal Low-Sodium Marinade
A good marinade tenderizes meat and infuses it with flavor from the inside out. This foundational recipe uses the orchestral principles and can be adapted for any protein.
- The Formula:
- Part 1 (Fat/Carrier): 1/2 cup Olive Oil
- Part 2 (Acid – Strings): 1/4 cup Acid (e.g., lemon juice, balsamic vinegar, apple cider vinegar)
- Part 3 (Aromatics – Woodwinds): 2-3 cloves minced fresh garlic or 1 tablespoon garlic powder
- Part 4 (Herbs – Woodwinds): 2 tablespoons chopped fresh herbs or 2 teaspoons dried herbs (e.g., thyme, oregano, rosemary)
- Part 5 (Pepper): 1 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
- Method: Whisk all ingredients together. Pour over meat in a resealable bag or dish and marinate for at least 4 hours, or preferably overnight, in the refrigerator.33
Cooking Technique Spotlights
Finally, mastering a few key techniques will elevate your low-sodium cooking from good to great.
- Perfect Searing: As mentioned, this is crucial for the “Brass” section. The key is high heat and a dry surface. Pat your meat completely dry with paper towels before seasoning. Use a heavy-bottomed pan (like cast iron) and get it very hot before adding the meat. Don’t crowd the pan, as this will drop the temperature and cause the meat to steam instead of sear.
- Roasting Vegetables: Don’t just steam your vegetables. Roasting them at a high temperature (around 400°F or 200°C) caramelizes their natural sugars, creating a sweet, deep flavor base that perfectly complements meat dishes. Onions, carrots, bell peppers, and garlic become intensely flavorful when roasted.21
- Building a Pan Sauce: Never wash the pan immediately after searing meat. Those browned bits (fond) are a flavor goldmine. After removing the meat to rest, return the pan to the heat, pour in a splash of liquid (wine, unsalted broth, vinegar), and use a wooden spoon to scrape the bottom of the pan, dissolving all that flavor into a delicious, instant sauce.
Conclusion: Becoming the Maestro of Your Own Plate
The journey that began with a frightening phone call and a plate of bland chicken has completely transformed our family’s relationship with food.
My father’s health is now stable and well-managed.
But just as importantly, our dinner table is once again a place of joy, conversation, and delicious meals.
The food we eat now is more vibrant, more complex, and more flavorful than it ever was in the days when we relied on the blunt instrument of salt.
We didn’t lose flavor; we discovered it in a hundred places we had never thought to look.
A diagnosis that requires a low-sodium diet is not a culinary death sentence.
It is an invitation.
It is an opportunity to move beyond the simple drum solo of salt and become the conductor of a full flavor orchestra.
By understanding the real sources of sodium in our food, learning to decode the confusing language of labels, and mastering the interplay of acidity, aromatics, and umami, anyone can take control of their health while eating truly magnificent food.
The power to create delicious, satisfying, and life-sustaining meals is not in what you remove from your plate, but in the symphony of flavors you choose to add.
Works cited
- Lose your salty ways: the importance of low sodium in heart failure, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.riversideonline.com/patients-and-visitors/healthy-you-blog/blog/l/lose-your-salty-ways-the-importance-of-low-sodium-in-heart-failure
- Your guide to low sodium eating and how to lower blood pressure | Good Food Is Good Medicine | UC Davis Health, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://health.ucdavis.edu/blog/good-food/your-guide-to-low-sodium-eating-and-how-to-lower-blood-pressure/2022/09
- Sodium reduction – World Health Organization (WHO), accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sodium-reduction
- Sodium in Your Diet | FDA, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-education-resources-materials/sodium-your-diet
- The impact of excessive salt intake on human health – PubMed, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35058650/
- Get the Scoop on Sodium and Salt | American Heart Association, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/sodium/sodium-and-salt
- What Are Signs Of Too Much Salt: Avoid High Sodium Intake – HeartWest, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.heartwest.com.au/high-sodium-levels-warning/
- About Sodium and Health | Salt – CDC, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.cdc.gov/salt/about/index.html
- are all processed foods high in sodium? | Cargill, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.cargill.com/salt-in-perspective/are-all-processed-foods-high-in-sodium
- Sodium (Salt) Content of Common Foods – Pima Heart and Vascular, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.pimaheartandvascular.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Sodium-Content-of-common-foods.pdf
- 21 CFR 101.61 — Nutrient content claims for the sodium … – eCFR, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-101/subpart-D/section-101.61
- FDA Regulatory Requirements for Nutrient Content Claims – Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols – NCBI, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK209851/
- Interactive Nutrition Facts Label – Sodium – accessdata.fda.gov, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/interactivenutritionfactslabel/assets/InteractiveNFL_Sodium_October2021.pdf
- FDA’s Proposed Front-of-Package Nutrition Label Rule Reinforces Government Focus on Nutrition | Advisories | Arnold & Porter, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.arnoldporter.com/en/perspectives/advisories/2025/01/fda-proposed-front-of-package-nutrition-label-rule
- Food Labeling: Front-of-Package Nutrition Information – Regulations.gov, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2024-N-2910-0001
- FDA’s Fresh Take on Use of “Healthy” in Food Labeling – McDermott Will & Emery, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.mwe.com/insights/fdas-fresh-take-on-use-of-healthy-in-food-labeling/
- 7 Tips for Boosting Flavor Without Salt | American Diabetes Association, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://diabetesfoodhub.org/blog/7-tips-boosting-flavor-without-salt
- No Salt Needed: 5 Tips for Adding Salt-Free Flavor – Savory Spice, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.savoryspiceshop.com/blogs/news/no-salt-needed-tips-for-adding-flavor-without-adding-sodium
- ‘Tis the Unseason: Flavor Without Salt – The Chopping Block, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.thechoppingblock.com/blog/tis-the-unseason-flavor-without-salt
- Using Herbs in Cooking | No salt seasoning recipe, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.uaex.uada.edu/counties/miller/news/fcs/herbs-spices/Using-Herbs-in-Cooking.aspx
- Low Sodium Cooking – Nutrition.VA.gov, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://nutrition.va.gov/NUTRITION/docs/UpdatedPatientEd/LowSodiumCookingMay2024.pdf
- Using Herbs and Spices In Place of Salt – Cabarrus Health Alliance, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.cabarrushealth.org/DocumentCenter/View/418
- Reduce salt intake with healthy herbs and spices – MSU Extension, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/reduce_salt_intake_with_healthy_herbs_and_spices
- Powerful herbs and spices: 25 alternatives to salt and sugar – British Heart Foundation, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/nutrition/herbs-and-spices
- The Ultimate Guide to Umami in Low-Sodium Cooking – Number Analytics, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.numberanalytics.com/blog/umami-low-sodium-cooking
- Salt-Free Umami Broth – Sodium Girl, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.sodiumgirl.com/low-sodium-umami/
- 10 Umami-Rich Ingredients for Low-Calorie Recipes – Taste Flavor Co., accessed on August 14, 2025, https://tasteflavorco.com/blogs/blog-1/10-umami-rich-ingredients-for-low-calorie-recipes
- Using umami to assist with sodium reduction | Food Business News, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.foodbusinessnews.net/articles/24769-using-umami-to-assist-with-sodium-reduction
- Salt-free All Purpose Blend – MyPlate.gov, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.myplate.gov/recipes/salt-free-all-purpose-blend
- Salt-Free All-Purpose Seasoning – Celebrateyourplate, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://celebrateyourplate.org/recipes/salt-free-all-purpose-seasoning
- These DIY Seasoning Mixes Deliver Full Flavor Without a Grain of Salt – Allrecipes, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.allrecipes.com/article/make-your-own-salt-free-seasoning-mixes/
- Salt-Free Seasoning Recipes for Kidney Stone Formers, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://kidneystonediet.com/salt-free-seasoning-recipes/
- Marinated Flank Steak: No Sugar or Salt Recipe – Food.com, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.food.com/recipe/marinated-flank-steak-no-sugar-or-salt-114813
- Low Sodium Chicken Marinade Recipe (Salt Free), accessed on August 14, 2025, https://lowsorecipes.com/low-sodium-chicken-marinade-recipe/
- 10 Ways to Flavor Your Meals Without Salt – YouTube, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKD286Hn8lY
- Use Herbs and Spices Instead of Salt – nhlbi, nih, accessed on August 14, 2025, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/THT-CHW-UseHerbsAndSpices.pdf






